EPIRB
EPIRB (Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon) are critical GMDSS distress alerting devices. As required by SOLAS Chapter IV and IMO regulations, EPIRB transmits a vessel’s distress signal and position, while SART assists rescue units in locating survival craft or distressed vessels during search and rescue operations.
What does EPIRB stand for?
EPIRB stands for Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon.
Is EPIRB mandatory on all ships?
It is mandatory on SOLAS-class vessels including passenger ships and cargo vessels above 300 GT.
What frequency does EPIRB use?
Modern EPIRBs operate on 406 MHz for satellite alerting and 121.5 MHz for homing signals.
How long does an EPIRB battery last?
Typically, 5 years. Once activated, it must transmit for at least 48 hours continuously.
What is a float-free EPIRB?
A float-free EPIRB automatically detaches and activates if the vessel sinks.
How accurate is a GPS EPIRB?
It can provide location accuracy within approximately 100 meters.
Who receives EPIRB distress signals?
Signals are received by satellites and forwarded to national Rescue Coordination Centres (RCCs).
Does EPIRB work worldwide?
Yes, through the global COSPAS-SARSAT satellite system
How often should EPIRB be serviced?
Annual inspection is required, with battery and hydrostatic release replacement as per manufacturer schedule.
What is the difference between EPIRB and SART?
EPIRB sends a satellite distress alert globally, while SART helps rescuers locate survivors using radar or AIS during close-range search.
Conclusion
EPIRB is a critical marine communication and distress alert device required under SOLAS and regulated by IMO. By transmitting satellite-based emergency signals through the COSPAS-SARSAT network, it ensures rapid detection and response during maritime emergencies. For shipowners, marine operators, and maritime safety managers, proper EPIRB registration, inspection, and maintenance are essential to ensure compliance and maximize survival chances at sea.